Set up a debate

Good outcomes can justify morally questionable means

Whether the moral quality of an action is determined by its results or whether some acts are wrong regardless of what they achieve.

Democracy is the best form of government

Whether rule by the people is superior to rule by the wise, the strong, or the expert, and on what grounds.

Breaking an unjust law is a moral duty

Whether citizens are obligated to disobey laws they judge unjust, or whether the value of legal order requires obedience even to bad laws.

Free speech should protect even hateful expression

Whether the case for free expression extends to speech that demeans groups, or whether such speech may be restricted to protect the dignity and safety of its targets.

Social media does more harm than good

Whether the connection, expression, and information that social platforms provide outweigh the polarization, distraction, and mental health costs they impose.

Privacy should yield to security when the two conflict

Whether the state may monitor citizens to prevent crime and terrorism, and how much liberty a society should trade for safety.

A world without work would be a better world

Whether human beings would flourish if machines freed them from labor, or whether work is essential to meaning, dignity, and social order.

Death is what gives life its meaning

Whether mortality is the condition that makes choices matter and lives take shape, or whether death is simply the deprivation of everything valuable.

One should obey the law even when it is unjust

Whether the duty to obey law holds independently of its content, or whether unjust laws release citizens from obligation and may demand resistance.

Forgiveness matters more than justice

Whether releasing wrongdoers from resentment and penalty is a higher value than ensuring they receive what they deserve.

Every citizen should receive an unconditional basic income

Whether guaranteeing everyone an income without conditions is a matter of justice and freedom, or a costly policy that undermines work and reciprocity.

Borders should be open to anyone who wishes to migrate

Whether states have the right to exclude peaceful migrants, or whether freedom of movement is a basic human right that borders violate.

Tradition deserves more respect than progress

Whether inherited practices carry accumulated wisdom that reformers should defer to, or whether attachment to the past is a barrier to improvement.

Public shaming is a legitimate form of accountability

Whether collective condemnation of wrongdoers is a proper way for communities to enforce norms, or a form of mob punishment without limits or due process.

A good life requires solitude

Whether time alone is essential to self-knowledge, creativity, and depth, or whether the good life is fundamentally lived with others.

Human rights exist by nature, not by agreement

Whether rights are discovered features of human beings that hold everywhere, or human inventions that exist only where they are recognised and enforced.